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Undescribed polychaete
The creature has two antennaes with lots of setae. Family,Order,Genus remain unknown. The first picture is overlapped of positive and negative side.
Beecher's Trilobite Bed 2022 460 Mya old
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Palaeothea devonica (Bergstrom, Sturmer & Winter, 1980)
Unique specimen of the pycnogonid Palaeothea devonica (the white section) in association with Botrvocrinus(Bathericrinus) hvstrix. Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian, Hunsrück Slate of Bundenbach, Rhein- Hunsrück district, Rhineland- Palatinate, Germany.
洪斯吕克板岩 下埃姆阶 德国
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Bundenbachochaeta eschenbachensis (Bartels and Blind, 1995)
Diagnosis. Body elongate, oval; 15 to more than 20 parapodia-bearing segments – notopodia and neuropodia differ in the length and number of chaetae (c. 40 and c. 10, respectively). Acicula stout. Prostomium rounded with a pair of short stout appendages. (After Bartels and Blind 1995.) Geological horizons and locality. Eschenbach Member (holotype) and overlying Wingertshell Member (additional specimens) of the Kaub Formation, Obereschenbach Quarry, Bundenbach. Holotype. DBM:HS 717 Description. All specimens are somewhat flattened in parallel aspect. The worm is bilaterally symmetrical and elongate, tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly from a maximum width at about the mid-length, so it is also symmetrical about this point. The four complete specimens are 19 mm long (2 mm wide to the base of the parapodia, 11% of length), 46 mm long (Text-fig. 2C, NM:PWL 2002/222-LS, 7 mm wide, 15% of length), 48 mm long (Text-fig. 1, DBM:HS 717: 8 mm wide, 17% of length), and c. 100 mm long (Text-fig. 2A, B, DBM:HS 736: 23 mm wide, 23% of length). Thus, the width increases relative to length in larger individuals. The holotype (Text-fig. 1; Bartels and Blind 1995) is the best-preserved specimen. The side of the worm exposed cannot be determined with confidence, but it is assumed to be the ventral (and left and right are designated accordingly below). The anterior part of the head is heavily pyritized (as it is in NM:PWL 2002/222-LS, Text-fig. 2C). The structure is not clear, but appears to show traces of two appendages, perhaps palps or antennae; there is no evidence of jaws. The trunk bears c. 20 pairs of parapodia. Those on the right appear to be offset slightly posteriorly (Text-fig. 1C). The parapodia are clearly biramous as evidenced by well-preserved examples anterior of the mid-length on the right side and more posteriorly on the left (Text-fig. 1). The ventral ramus of the parapodia (neuropodium) bears longer more robust chaetae; c. 10 are evident, which are near parallel. They are <10% of the total length of the body. The dorsal ramus (notopodium) bears more delicate chaetae, c. 40 in number, which diverge strongly and are attached over a wider distance. They appear shorter than the chaetae of the ventral ramus in the anterior left parapodia (the difference perhaps exaggerated by preparation) but are more similar in length in the posterior right. The X-radiograph shows strongly pyritized linear structures, particularly on the left side, which extend beyond the proximal part of the parapodia (Text-fig. 1B). At least two per parapodium are evident in some cases. These structures are interpreted as aciculae (Text-fig. 1C). Both chaetae and aciculae are fragmented along their length (Text-fig. 1C), but this is a taphonomic artefact reflecting the nature of pyritization. The trunk terminates in a bifid structure (which does not appear to be made up of parapodia) which may represent a pygidium. A linear structure about the mid-length may represent part of the gut trace (Text-fig. 1A, C). The largest specimen, DBM:HS 736, is assumed to afford a dorsal view (Text-fig. 2A, B). It preserves evidence of 17 pairs of parapodia (there were presumably more), solely as the pyritized remains of the chaetae. The ramus bearing the large number of more slender chaetae is preserved uppermost. The soft tissues of the head and trunk have been lost, presumably through decay. The central area preserves a network of pyritized burrows, some of them revealed in the X-radiograph (Text-fig. 2B), which extend beyond the posterior of the trunk, perhaps representing the activities of a scavenger. The smallest specimen, DBM:HS 597 (Text-fig. 2D), shows evidence of c. 15 pairs of parapodia and presumably represents a juvenile. Only the notopodia appear to be preserved. The nature of the linear structures flanking the trunk axis is unknown, but they may represent longitudinal muscle bands. There are structures at the anterior that are difficult to interpret and might represent jaws or other head appendages.
洪斯吕克板岩 Lower Emsian 德国
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Acinocricus stichus (Conway-Morris & Robison 1988)
Acinocricus is a genus of extinct worm belonging to the group Lobopodia and known from the middle Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah, United States. As a monotypic genus, it has one species Acinocricus stichus. The only lobopodian discovered from the Spence Shale, it was described by Simon Conway Morris and Richard A. Robison in 1988.Owing to the original fragmentary fossils discovered since 1982, it was initially classified as an alga, but later realised to be an animal belonging to Cambrian fauna. The first specimen of Acinocricus was discovered by American palaeontologist Lloyd Gunther in 1982 from the Spence Shale in Miners Hollow, Wellsville Mountains, Utah. It was embedded in hardened mud and was incomplete with some of its body part missing. More than a dozen fragmentary fossils were later recovered from the same site and the surrounding areas. Simon Conway Morris of the University of Cambridge and Richard A. Robison of the University of Kansas jointly published the systematic description and scientific name in 1988. The generic name is derived from two Greek words, akaina, meaning thorn or spine, and krikos, meaning ring or circle, for the circular spines on its body; the specific name stichos means row or line, referring to the arrangement of the spines.[1] Morris and Robison made an erroneous classification by assigning it as an alga (in the phylum Chlorophyta) as they were convinced that it had no particular resemblance to any known animal fossils (medusoid) known at the time. The correct identification as an animal came only after a series of discoveries of Cambrian fossils (Maotianshan Shales) in Chengjian, China. A variety of lobopods were discovered in the early 1990s that showed important shared features with Acinocricus.[4][5][6] Comparison of the Chengjian lobopods and Acinocricus revealed their similarities.[3] In 1998, Jun-yuan Chen (Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Lars Ramsköld (Uppsala University, Sweden) made assessment of all available Cambrian lobopod fossils and came to the conclusion that Acinocricus belongs to Lobopodia.
斯彭斯页岩 2018 苗岭年：五六安
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Amecephalus jamisoni (Robison & Babcock 2011)
Diagnosis.—Amecephalus with long, prominent medial spines on occipital ring and thoracic segments 4 to 12, and variably present on thoracic segments 1 to 3. Glabella moderately tapered, S1 and S2 well developed, S3 and S4 weak. Anterior branches of facial suture strongly divergent. Genal spines moderately long. Thorax having as many as 17 segments, with falcate pleural tips progressively lengthening rearward on anterior thorax and progressively shortening rearward on posterior thorax. Pygidium micropygous, alate with posterior median notch. Etymology.—After Paul Jamison, who collected and prepared the holotype. He also collected and generously donated other specimens used in this study. Types.—Holotype, UU 10051.60 Discussion.—Amecephalus jamisoni differs from all described species of Amecephalus by the presence of an occipital spine and a medial axial spine on most thoracic segments. Its pygidium is known from an unnamed Spence Shale specimen illustrated on the Internet (Marshall, 2011). Most known specimens of A. jamisoni are preserved with the micropygous pygidium and some segments of the posterior thorax projecting downward into the matrix, or tucked under the dorsal surface (see especially Figs. 15.1–15.2). This manner of preservation is interpreted as taphonomic in origin and related to loose flopping of the pygidium as the specimen was carried in a current prior to burial. Occurrence.—Amecephalus jamisoni is rare in the middle part of the Spence Shale at Wellsville Mountain.
Spence Shale Miaolingian: Wuliuan USA
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Perspicaris dilatus (Robison & Richards, 1981)
Perspicaris is a fossil arthropod from the Cambrian period. It was 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) long and bivalved. The valves, encasing the thorax, were joined together by a dorsal hinge. It is difficult to establish the lifestyle of Perspicaris. Its large eyes and other parts would suggest a swimming animal, yet it lacks claws, which seems to suggest a bottom feeder. Two species of Perspicaris are found in the famous Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada. 202 specimens of Perspicaris are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.38% of the community. Perspicaris has been identified as an arthropod that is a member of a clade close to the crown-group of Euarthropoda, which includes myriapods, chelicerates, insects and crustaceans.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Gogia spiralis (Robison, 1965)
Gogia is a Cambrian cystoid that is among the earliest and most primitive groups of echinoderms. For this reason they are sometimes called a "dawn crinoids". They had a vase-shaped body (calyx), covered by plates that were symmetrical and have a bifurcated brachiole, a slender arm-like structure for food-gathering that closely resembled those in cystoids. Gogia differed from true crinoids in that they had pores along the margins separating the plates, and the type of feeding arms they displayed. The species Gogia spiralis derives its name from its tightly spiraled arms and is only one of three Gogia species to have spiraled arms. Gogia had a vase-shaped body or calyx with irregularly positioned plates. It also had a stalk made up of smaller plates that attached to the sea floor, and food-gathering arm-like structures called brachioles. Gogia was a sessile (stationary) suspension feeder gathering food with its arms in calm waters of shallow Cambrian seas. Gogia spiralis usually attached directly to the mud, but on rare occasions attached to brachiopods and trilobite fragments on the sea floor. Gogia were widely distributed in the lower and middle Cambrian of western North America, but only a few partial specimens have been found in the Burgess Shale. Gogia occurred at the base of the cystoid radiation, with three distinct cystoid lineages derived from different Gogia species. Gogia lived only during the Cambrian time period, but the cystoids that evolved from them survived until the end of the Devonian.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Olenoides vali (Robison & Babcock, 2011)
Diagnosis.—Olenoides with weak anterior expansion of glabella. Posterior cephalic border having tiny intergenal spines, with posterior cephalic margins between intergenal and genal spines deflected forward. Genal spines long, terminating approximately opposite front of pygidium. Occipital spine exceptionally long, arching strongly upward and rearward, terminating just in front of thoracic-pygidial boundary. Medial thoracic spines projecting upward with minor rear curvature and with length progressively increasing rearward from short to quite long beneath arching occipital spine; medial spine on eighth thoracic segment approximately same length as pygidial axis. Paired marginal spines on thorax and pygidium progressively increase in length rearward, with length of posterior pygidial pair similar to that of genal spines. Pygidium having three pairs of marginal spines and axis with four rings and terminal piece. Etymology.—After Val G. Gunther, for his many contributions to knowledge of Cambrian fossils (e.g., Gunther and Gunther, 1981). Holotype.—Exoskeleton, UU 10051.18 Discussion.—Olenoides vali n. sp. and O. trispinosus Rasetti (1946) are the only species of Olenoides known to have three pairs of marginal spines on the pygidium. However, the pygidial spines of O. vali markedly increase in length toward the rear, whereas those of O. trispinosus decrease in length toward the rear. Also, the pygidial axis of O. vali has four rings and a terminal piece, whereas O. trispinosus has five rings and a terminal piece. Olenoides vali further differs from all other species of Olenoides by exceptional elongation of the occipital spine and greater rearward elongation of medial spines on the thorax. White (1973), in an unpublished thesis, described a poorly preserved exoskeleton and a few small, disarticulated sclerites, here assigned to Olenoides trispinosus. Comparison of specimens known to the present authors shows a minor ontogenetic increase in lateral expansion of the anterior glabella. In some specimens, that expansion was further increased by taphonomic compression. Olenoides rooksi Bonino and Kier (2009) is an unavailable name because it fails to meet criteria of Article 13 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Occurrence.—Olenoides vali has an observed stratigraphic range through approximately the upper 110 m of the Wheeler Formation in the Drum Mountains, as defined herein. Some collectors have referred specimens from the upper part of this interval to either the Marjum or Pierson Cove formations.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Olenoides nevadensis (Meek, 1870)
Olenoides is an average size trilobite (up to 9 cm long), broadly oval in outline. Its cephalon is semi-circular. The glabella is parallel-sided, rounded at its front and almost reaches the anterior border. Narrow occular ridges curve backwards from the front of the glabella to the small, outwardly-bowed eyes. The librigenae narrow backward into straight, slender genal spines that reach as far as the third thorax segment. Thorax consists of seven segments that end in needle-like spines. pygidium) has six axial rings that decrease in size backwards and four or five pairs of rearward pointing marginal spines. Cephalon, thorax and pygidium are of approximately equal length.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Emeraldella brocki (Walcott, 1912)
Emeraldella is a genus of arthropod known from the Middle Cambrian of North America. The type species E. brocki was described in 1912 from the Burgess Shale.21 specimens of Emeraldella are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise < 0.1% of the community.[2] A re-study on the species was done in 2012.A second species E. brutoni is known from the Wheeler Shale, which was described in 2011.An additional specimen of E. brutoni was described in 2019, which revealed more of the anatomy.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Naraoia cf. compacta
Naraoia is almost flat (dorso-ventrally). The upper (or dorsal) side of the body consists of a non-calcified transversely oval or semi-circular headshield (cephalon), and a tailshield (pygidium) longer than the cephalon, without any body segments in between. The body is narrowed at the articulation between cephalon and pygidium. The long many-segmented antennas are directed sideways. There are no eyes. The gut has a relatively large diameter (14-18% of the width of the body), and next to four pairs of large digestive sacs (or caeca). The cephalon has branched diverticula occupying most of the cephalon (unlike in Misszhouia). Naraoia had appendages with two branches on a common basis, like Misszhouia and trilobites. At least the anterior trunk limbs have exopods with large, paddle-shaped distal lobes and short flattened side branches (setae) on the shaft. The endopod (known only in N. compacta) is composed of six podomeres.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Kootenia randolphi (Robison & Babcock, 2011)
Diagnosis.—Kootenia having ovate exoskeletal outline. Glabella slightly expanding forward, indenting narrow anterior cranidial border. Occipital ring with short median spine. Genal spines short to moderately long, with tips opposite thoracic axial ring 2 to 4. Thoracic axial rings each having median spine slightly shorter than that of occipital ring. Paired pleural spines of thorax and pygidium gradually increase in length rearward. Pygidial axis containing four rings and terminal piece, border having four pairs of marginal spines. Spaces between pygidial spines progressively widen rearward. Etymology.—After Robert L. Randolph, for initial study of trilobites from the Swasey Formation in the Drum Mountains (Randolph, 1973). Holotype.—Exoskeleton, BPM 1004 Discussion.—Kootenia randolphi resembles K. youngorum n. sp. but differs by having 4 rather than 5 pairs of marginal spines on the pygidium. Also, the spacing and patterns of spine elongation differ. Kootenia randolphi is the only species of Kootenia known to have four pairs of marginal spines on the pygidium so far described from the Wheeler Formation or its lateral equivalents in the Great Basin. Occurrence.—Locally common in the upper 30 m of the Wheeler Formation of the Drum Mountains, as used here, where it occurs in the lower Bolaspidella Zone. Some authors have referred these strata to the Pierson Cove Formation.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Elrathia kingi (Meek, 1870)
Elrathia is a genus of ptychopariid trilobite species that lived during the Middle Cambrian of Utah, and possibly British Columbia. E. kingii is one of the most common trilobite fossils in the USA locally found in extremely high concentrations within the Wheeler Formation in the U.S. state of Utah. E. kingii has been considered the most recognizable trilobite. Commercial quarries extract E. kingii in prolific numbers, with just one commercial collector estimating 1.5 million specimens extracted in a 20-year career. 1950 specimens of Elrathia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 3.7% of the community. Etymology - Even though the generic name Elrathia was first published in the combination E. kingii, a species from the House Range, Utah, the name, itself, is derived from Elrath, Cherokee County, Alabama. Description - E. kingii is a medium-sized trilobite with a smooth sub-ovate carapace that is tapered towards the rear. Thorax is usually 13 segments. Pygidium has four axial rings and a long terminal piece. Posterior margin of the pygidium has a long broad medial notch. In contrast, E. marjum usually has 12 segments, 5 axial rings, lacks a notched posterior margin and possess incipient antero-lateral spines. The British Columbian species, E. permulta, is much smaller, averaging about only 20 millimeters, and has up to thoracic 14 segments. Because E. permulta lacks several diagnostic features of the genus it may even represent a distinct genus. Synonyms - Elrathia is variously known as Elrathina, which is a separate genus sometimes considered to be a synonym of Ptychoparella. The species E. kingii is often erroneously called E. kingi (with one i).
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Asaphiscus wheeleri (Meek, 1873)
Distribution - A. wheeleri occurs in the Middle Cambrian of the United States (Delamaran, Lower Wheeler Shale, Millard County, Utah, 40.0°N, 113.0°W; and Menevian, Wheeler Formation, House Range, Utah, 39.2° N, 113.3° W). Description - Asaphiscus are average size trilobites of (up to 8 centimetres or 3.1 inches) with a rather flat calcified dorsal exoskeleton of inverted egg-shaped outline, about 1½× longer than wide, with the widest point near the back of the headshield (or cephalon). The cephalon is about 40% of the body length, is semi-circular in shape, has wide rounded genal angles, and a well defined border of about ⅛× the length of the cephalon. The central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella is conical in outline with a wide rounded front and is separated from the border by a preglabellar field of about ⅛× the length of the cephalon, and has 3 sets of furrows that may be clear or inconspicuous. The articulated middle part of the body (or thorax) has 7-11 segments (9 in A. wheeleri), with rounded tips. The tailshield (or pygidium) is about 30% of the body length, is semi-circular in shape, with a wide flat border, and an entire margin. A Chinese trilobite Tenistion typicalis was used for scale.
Wheeler Shale Miaolingian USA
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Olenoides pugio (Walcott, 1908)
Etymology-from Olenus, in Greek mythology a man who, along with his wife Lethaea, was turned to stone. Olenus was used for a trilobite genus name in 1827; the suffix -oides(“resembling”) was added later. Synonyms-Olenoides was formerly known as Neolenus. Species of Kootenia are no longer considered different enough from those in Olenoides to warrant placement in a separate genus. Olenoides is an average size trilobite (up to 9 cm long), broadly oval in outline. Its cephalon is semi-circular. The glabella is parallel-sided, rounded at its front and almost reaches the anterior border. Narrow occular ridges curve backwards from the front of the glabella to the small, outwardly-bowed eyes. The librigenae narrow backward into straight, slender genal spines that reach as far as the third thorax segment. Thorax consists of seven segments that end in needle-like spines. pygidium) has six axial rings that decrease in size backwards and four or five pairs of rearward pointing marginal spines. Cephalon, thorax and pygidium are of approximately equal length.
Marjum Formation Miaolingian USA
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